After the S30 scripts have executed, the /and/usr (if present) file systems are mounted read-only. Enough network plumbing has been established to perform an NFS mount of /usr.| Table of Contents |
This appendix summarizes the major differences between the SunOS 4. x and SunOS 5. x operating systems in these areas:
The last section in this appendix contains an alphabetical list of SunOS 4. x commands and shows the equivalent SunOS 5. x command, if one is available.
Solaris 2. x software is distributed on compact disc (CD-ROM) only. You must have access to a CD drive before you can install the software. However, because you can set up a system to act as a remote server when installing the software on systems without local CD drives, you need access to only one CD drive on the network.
Solaris 2. x software is bundled into modules called packages. You can select packages that are relevant to your system and control the amount of space each installation requires. Sometimes packages are grouped into clusters so that you can install a set of packages for typical users, developers, or system administrators without selecting each package separately.
SunOS 5. x software includes architecture-specific kernels, rather than the generic kernel configuration provided in earlier SunOS software releases. You will find the installed kernel in /kernel/unix instead of /vmunix.
You no longer need to manually configure and build new kernels. When you install new device drivers and boot the system using the boot -r command, the kernel dynamically reconfigures itself.
When you boot the installation CD, a utility called sysidtool checks network databases for system configuration information. The sysidtool utility uses the information it finds and prompts you to enter other required information.
The /var/sadm/install/contents file lists every file that installation puts onto the system. To find out if a specific file was installed, look through /var/sadm/install/ contents to see if the file is listed. The file contains the complete path, the ownership and protection of the file, and the package from which the file was installed. For example, to display information about the printf file, type # grep printf /var/sadm /install /contents. Your screen will look like this:
# grep printf /var/sadm/install/contents /usr/bin/printf f none 0555 bin bin 11628 1694 869027018 SUNWloc /usr/share/man/man1/printf.1 f none 0444 bin bin 10827 6685 867348047 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/fprintf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 57 3974 867349873 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/printf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 11825 25632 867349885 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/sprintf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 57 3987 867349912 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/vfprintf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 58 4092 867349923 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/vprintf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 57 3990 867349924 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3b/vsprintf.3b f none 0444 bin bin 58 4105 867349926 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3c/wsprintf.3c f none 0444 bin bin 1635 4399 867350689 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/fprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 57 4025 867352286 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/printf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 18972 20693 867352330 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/snprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 58 4145 867352353 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/sprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 57 4038 867352355 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/vfprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 59 4261 867352371 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/vprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 4365 34455 867352374 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/vsnprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 60 4381 867352376 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man3s/vsprintf.3s f none 0444 bin bin 59 4274 867352376 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man9f/sprintf.9f f none 0444 bin bin 3571 42682 867356508 SUNWman /usr/share/man/man9f/vsprintf.9f f none 0444 bin bin 5193 43812 867356551 SUNWman #
NOTE: When you complete system installation, you may need to type the boot -r command to reconfigure the device names and modules so that they work with Solaris 2.x.
SunOS 5. x system software has eight initialization states (init states or run levels). The default init state is defined in the /etc/inittab file. See "Choosing an Init State" in Chapter 1 for a description of the initialization states.
The shutdown command works differently than in the SunOS 4. x version. The SunOS 4. x fastboot and fasthalt commands are available only on SunOS 5. x systems with BSD source compatibility package installed.
The halt and reboot commands (not found in AT&T SVR4 systems) have shutdown and init equivalents. It is recommended that you use them because halt and reboot do not run the rc scripts properly.
The init command uses a different script for each run level instead of grouping all the run levels together in the /etc /rc, /etc/rc.boot, and /etc /rc.local files. The files, named by run level, are located in the /sbin directory.
Here is a list of the default run control scripts in the /sbin directory:
castle% ls -l /sbin/rc* -rwxr--r-- 3 root sys 1776 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc0 -rwxr--r-- 1 root sys 1159 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc1 -rwxr--r-- 1 root sys 1545 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc2 -rwxr--r-- 1 root sys 927 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc3 -rwxr--r-- 3 root sys 1776 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc5 -rwxr--r-- 3 root sys 1776 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rc6 -rwxr--r-- 1 root sys 6919 Jan 1 1970 /sbin/rcS castle%
NOTE: The /sbin/rc directory now contains an rcS script used to bring the system to single-user mode. For more information, see "The rcS Script" later in this appendix.
Run control files are located in the /etc/init.d directory. These files are linked to corresponding run control files in the /etc/rc/etc and /etc /rc*.d directories. The files in the /etc directory define the sequence in which the scripts are performed within each run level. For example, /etc/rc2.d contains files used to start and stop processes for run level 2.
castle% ls /etc/rc2.d K20spc S47asppp S74syslog S89bdconfig K60nfs.server S69inet S74xntpd S91agaconfig K76snmpdx S70uucp S75cron S91leoconfig K77dmi S71rpc S76nscd S92rtvc-config README S71sysid.sys S80PRESERVE S92volmgt S01MOUNTFSYS S72autoinstall S80lp S93cacheos.finish S05RMTMPFILES S72inetsvc S80spc S99audit S20sysetup S73cachefs.daemon S85power S99dtlogin S21perf S73nfs.client S88sendmail S30sysid.net S74autofs S88utmpd castke%
The scripts are always run in ASCII sort order. The names of the scripts are names of the forms [K,S][0 -9][A-Z][0 - 99]. Files beginning with K are run to terminate (kill) some system process. Files beginning with S are run to start up a system process. The actions of each run control level script are summarized in the following sections.
castle% ls /etc/rc0.d K00ANNOUNCE K47asppp K66nfs.server K73volmgt K10dtlogin K50utmpd K69autofs K75nfs.client K20lp K55syslog K69xntpd K76nscd K42audit K57sendmail K70cron K85rpc castle%
castle% ls /etc/rc1.d K00ANNOUNCE K47asppp K65nfs.server K70cron S01MOUNTFSYS K10dtlogin K50utmpd K67rpc K76nscd K20lp K55syslog K68autofs K80nfs.client K42audit K57sendmail K69xntpd K85power castle%
castle% ls /etc/rc2.d K20spc S47asppp S74syslog S89bdconfig K60nfs.server S69inet S74xntpd S91agaconfig K76snmpdx S70uucp S75cron S91leoconfig K77dmi S71rpc S76nscd S92rtvc-config README S71sysid.sys S80PRESERVE S92volmgt S01MOUNTFSYS S72autoinstall S80lp S93cacheos.finish S05RMTMPFILES S72inetsvc S80spc S99audit S20sysetup S73cachefs.daemon S85power S99dtlogin S21perf S73nfs.client S88sendmail S30sysid.net S74autofs S88utmpd castle%
castle% ls/etc/rc3.d README S15nfs.server S76snmpdx S77dmi castle%
After the S30 scripts have executed, the /and/usr (if present) file systems are mounted read-only. Enough network plumbing has been established to perform an NFS mount of /usr.
The sequence range S31-S39 can depend upon these file systems being read-only. No other file systems are mounted by the Solaris product.
After the S60 scripts have executed, all system supplied device file names have been established. Therefore, the preferred range for the creation of file names for third-party devices is the range S61-S79, however, they may be done anywhere in the S61-S99 range. The environment symbol _INIT_RECONFIG is the key to a reconfiguration boot. Also, the base system mounts have been performed and those file systems are read/write if so specified. The base system mounts are:
/ /usr /proc /dev/fd
The following file systems can be assumed to be writable:
/dev (for logical name creation) /devices (for physical name creation) /etc (for mnttab and file administration)
After the S80 scripts have executed, any other file systems to be mounted in single-user mode are mounted. Currently these are /var and /var/adm.
castle% ls /etc/rcS.d K65pcmcia S33keymap.sh S60devlinks README S35cacheos.sh S65pcmcia S00sxcmem S40standardmounts.sh S70buildmnttab.sh S10initpcmcia S41cachefs.root S30rootusr.sh S50drvconfig castle%
The following sections describe changes to the file systems.
Solaris 2. x software includes a common set of commands and files to administer both network file system (NFS) and remote file sharing (RFS) resources. This set of commands is called distributed file system ( DFS) administration. The common DFS commands replace the separate NFS and RFS commands required in SunOS 4. x systems, and simplify NFS and RFS resource sharing because it is necessary to remember only one set of commands. See Chapter 4, "Administering File Systems," for more information about file system commands.
The directory structure is changed. The following sections provide an overview of file and directory information. If you cannot locate a familiar file or directory, it may not be available or its contents may be relocated.
The /opt directory contains optional add-on application software packages. These packages were installed in /usr on SunOS 4. x systems. Keeping them in /opt leaves the /usr directory stable as packages are installed and removed.
The /proc directory contains a numerical list of processes. Information in the /proc directory is used by commands such as ps. Debuggers and other development tools can also access the address space of the processes by using file system calls.
The /devices directory contains character and block special device files. Here is an example of the contents of the /devices directory:
oak% ls -l /devices total 12 crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 28,128 Aug 3 15:1Ø audio@1,f72Ø1ØØØ: audioctl,Ø crw------- 1 root sys 68, 11 Aug 3 13:56 eeprom@1,f2ØØØØØØ: eeprom brw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, Ø Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:a crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, Ø Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:a,raw brw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, 1 Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:b crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, 1 Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:b,raw brw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, 2 Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:c crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 36, 2 Aug 3 13:56 fd@1,f72ØØØØØ:c,raw drwxrwxrwx 2 root sys 46Ø8 Aug 3 15:1Ø pseudo drwxrwxrwx 3 root sys 512 Aug 3 13:56 sbus@1,f8ØØØØØØ crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 29, Ø Aug 3 13:56 zs@1,f1ØØØØØØ:a crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 29,131Ø72 Aug 3 13:56 zs@1,f1ØØØØØØ:a,cu crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 29, 1 Aug 3 13:56 zs@1,f1ØØØØØØ:b crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 29,131Ø73 Aug 3 13:56 zs@1,f1ØØØØØØ:b,cu oak%
The /kernel directory contains the UNIX kernel and kernel-level object modules.Table A-1 describes the subdirectories that have been added to the /kernel directory.
x86 systems also have a mach directory that contains x86 hardware support.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| drv | Loadable device drivers |
| exec | The modules that execute programs stored in various file formats |
| fs | File system modules |
| misc | Miscellaneous system-related modules |
| sched | Operating system schedulers |
| strmod | System V STREAMS loadable modules |
| sys | Loadable system calls |
The /dev directory is changed from a flat directory to a hierarchical one. Table A-2 shows the added subdirectories.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| /dev/dsk | Block disk devices |
| /dev/pts | Pseudo terminal (pty) slave devices |
| /dev/rdsk | Raw disk devices |
| /dev/rmt | Raw tape devices |
| /dev/sad | Entry points for the STREAMS administrative driver |
| /dev/term | Terminal devices |
The /etc directory contains system-specific configuration information. Several files and subdirectories are added, removed, or changed from the SunOS 4. x /etc directory:
Table A-3 describes the subdirectories that have been added to the /etc directory.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| /etc/default | Default system configuration |
| /etc/inet | Internet services configuration |
| /etc/lp | LP system configuration |
| /etc/mail | Mail files (aliases, sendmail, *.rc files) |
| /etc/opt | Installed optional software |
| /etc/rcn.d | Run-state transition operations |
| /etc/saf | Service Access Facility (SAF ) configuration |
The /sbin directory contains the rc* scripts used to alter system run levels and the bcheckrc script used to initialize the system prior to mounting file systems.
The /sys directory has been retired. The files used to build the kernel that were stored in this directory are no longer needed because of the dynamic kernel.
The /usr directory contains sharable files and executables provided by the system.Table A-4 shows the added subdirectories.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| /usr/ccs | Compiler support systems |
| /usr/snadm | Administration tool executables |
Table A-5 shows files that have been moved from the /usr directory.
| SunOS 4.x Location | SunOS 5.x Location |
|---|---|
| /usr/5bin | /usr/bin |
| /usr/5include | /usr/include |
| /usr/5lib | /usr/lib |
| /usr/etc | /usr/sbin |
| /usr/rfs | /etc/rfs |
| /usr/old | Contents removed |
| /usr/xpg2bin | /usr/bin |
| /usr/xpg2lib | /usr/lib |
| /usr/xpg2include | /usr/include |
The /var directory contains files whose sizes change during normal operation. Several files and subdirectories in the /var directory are added, removed, or changed:
The SunOS 5. x release uses device-naming conventions that make it easier to infer certain characteristics of a device from its device name. The SunOS 5. x conventions are slightly different from AT&T SVR4 device names, because the SunOS 5. x release only allows eight partitions on a disk.
You must use SunOS 5. x device-naming conventions with SunOS 5. x commands. However, if the binary compatibility package is installed, it creates links from the old device-naming conventions to the new ones, and you can continue to use SunOS 4. x device names. See Chapter 3, "Administering Devices," for a description of device-naming conventions.
Table A-6 shows some examples that compare the SunOS 4. x and SunOS 5. x device-naming conventions.
| Device Description | SunOS 4.x | SunOS 5.x |
|---|---|---|
| Disk devices | /dev/sd0g | /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s6 |
| /dev/rsd3b | /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1 | |
| /dev/rsd3a | /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 | |
| Tape devices | /dev/nr mt8 | /dev/r mt/8hn |
| /dev/rst0 | /dev/r mt/0h | |
| CD-ROM device | /dev/sr0 | /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 |
Solaris 2. x software includes the SAF , which is used to manage access to local and network system services (such as printers, modems, and terminals) in a similar way, whether they are on the network or attached only to local systems. SAF uses Service Access Control (SAC ) commands to set up and manage services.
The SAF controls access to system and network resources. It provides a common interface for managing a range of services, including the ability to:
SAF provides two major commands: sacadm and pmadm. The sacadm command controls daemons called port monitors. The pmadm command controls the services associated with the port monitors. The SAF replaces /usr/etc/getty for controlling logins.
The LP print service replaces the lpd daemon and lpr, lpq, lprm, and lpc commands. The services provided by the /etc/printcap file are handled by the terminfo database and by the files in the /etc/lp directory. SunOS 4. x printing commands are provided as part of the BSD compatibility package. However, the compatibility package provides only SunOS 4. x command names, which are actually an interface to the underlying LP print services.
The LP print service provides additional functionality not available in SunOS 4. x systems. This functionality allows you to control forms, printwheels, and interface programs, and to set up network print services.
Even though some SunOS 4. x printing commands are available, encourage users to learn the SunOS 5. x versions. Convert your own administration environments as soon as possible because support for compatibility mode may not be available in future releases.
Changes to the Solaris 2.6 printing software provide a better solution than the LP print software in previous Solaris releases. You can easily set up and manage print clients using the NIS or NIS+ name services to enable centralization of print administration for a network of systems and printers. New features include redesign of print packages, print protocol adapter, bundled SunSoft Print Client software, and network printer support.
A new naming service, NIS+, replaces NIS on previous SunOS releases. NIS+ supports the following combinations of systems:
NIS+ information is stored in tables instead of in NIS maps. You use NIS+ shell commands to set up an NIS+ service. To administer the service, you can use either NIS+ shell commands or the Administration Tool's Database Manager.
NIS+ responds to requests from NIS. SunOS 5. x clients can run either NIS or NIS+.
The user interface for TCP/ IP is the same, but you administer NIS+ tables using Solstice AdminSuite. Starting with the Solaris 2.5 release, Admintool can be used only to administer local systems.
The UNIX-to-UNIX Copy ( UUCP) is the same as the HoneyDanBer UUCP available with SunOS 4. x systems. It uses the same set of configuration files, scripts, and commands, so any changes you made in SunOS 4. x files and scripts should work with this release.
Table A-7 describes new files and commands that were not part of the SunOS 4. x implementation.
| Command or File | Function |
|---|---|
| D. data files P. data files | These data files are created when a UUCP command line specifies copying the source file to a spool directory. All data files have the format systmxxxxyyy . systm is the first five characters in the name of the destination system, xxxx is a four-digit job sequence number, and yyy distinguishes between several data files created for one job. |
| /etc/uucp/Grades | Maps text grade names to system names. |
| /etc/uucp/Limits | Specifies the number of concurrent UUCP sessions that can occur. Replaces Maxuuscheds and Maxuuxqts files in previous versions. |
| /etc/uucp/Config | Contains information to override tunable parameters in UUCP. The only tunable parameter currently available is Protocol, so system administrators normally will not have to modify this file. |
| uuglist | Sets service grade permissions available. |
UUCP includes a few additional features that can affect system administration:
NOTE: SunOS 5.x systems provide a set of PostScript filters and device-independent fonts. However, some SunOS 4.x TranScript filters have SunOS 5.x equivalents, and others do not. In SunOS 5.x systems, there is no TEX filter, no pscat (C /A / T) filter, and no raster image filter.
The SunOS 5.0 system provides device-independent troff, with these changes:
Security combines a number of features from SunOS 4.1 and AT&T SVR4 with functionality added specifically for the Solaris 2. x releases. Some of the SunOS 4. x security programs are packaged differently.
The following sections describe major security differences and highlight how those changes may affect system administration procedures. The security features are:
Most of the security features from SunOS 4. x systems are available. These include:
Security for local systems includes storing encrypted passwords in a separate file, controlling login defaults, and providing restricted shells. Equivalent NIS+ security controls networkwide access to systems. The following sections summarize security features under local system control.
The SunOS 5. x password command stores encrypted versions of passwords in a separate file, /etc/shadow, and allows root access to the shadow file only. General access to the encrypted passwords is thus restricted. The /etc/shadow file also includes entries that force password aging for individual user login accounts.
Several files that control default system access are stored in the /etc/default directory. These files limit access to specific systems on a network. /xref> summarizes the files in the /etc/default directory.
| File | Function |
|---|---|
| /etc/default/login | Controls system login policies, including root access. The default is to limit root logins to the console. |
| /etc/default/passwd | Controls default policy on password aging. |
| /etc/default/su | Controls what root (su) access to system will be logged and where it is displayed. |
System administrators can use restricted versions of the Korn shell (rksh) and Bourne shell (rsh) to limit the operations allowed for a particular user account. Restricted shells do not allow these operations:
Note that the restricted shell and the remote shell have the same command name, with different path names:
| Restricted shell | /usr/lib/rsh |
| Remote shell | /usr/bin/rsh |
The Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET ) is included with the Solaris 2. x system. It was available as an unbundled option with SunOS 4. x systems. ASET allows you to specify an overall system security level (low, medium, or high) and automatically maintain systems at those levels. It can be set up to run on a server and all of its clients or on individual clients.
ASET performs these tasks:
The Solaris 2. x system introduces support for Kerberos authentication for secure RPC. Kerberos source code and administrative utilities are available from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Solaris 2. x Kerberos support includes:
Everything else is available in the MIT Kerberos release.
NOTE: Solaris 2.6 provides the ability to connect to the Kerberos functionality. However, it does not provide the Kerberos package. You can ftp Kerberos 4 source from athena-dist.mit.edu using anonymous as a username and your e-mail address as a password. The source is located in the pub/kerberos directory.
Table A-9 lists SunOS 4. x commands and files in alphabetical order and describes the new SunOS 5. x command, equivalent, or unavailability. Commands that are not listed in this table are completely compatible with previous releases.
| SunOS 4.x | SunOS 5.x | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| ac | sar | The System Accounting Resource package (SAR) provides most of the accounting functionality available in ac. |
| add_services | pkgadd | |
| analyze | adb | Use adb on core files to analyze crashes. |
| arch | uname -m | SunOS 4.x shell scripts used the arch command to determine system architecture. Use uname -m as a replacement in SunOS 5.x scripts. |
| at, atq, atrm | at, atq, atrm | The at, atq, and atrm commands behave slightly differently than they do in SunOS 4.x systems. Security for nonprivileged users is more restricted on SunOS 5.x systems. |
| audit, audit_warn, auditd | Not available | See your system vendor for information on this product. |
| automount | automount | The auto.master and auto.home files are renamed auto_master and auto_home. The default home directory path is /export/home/username. The -m option is not available. The SunOS 5.x automount program searches for Auto_master and Auto_home as the default. If these files are not found, it looks for Auto.master and Auto.home files. You do not need to rename these files on SunOS 4.x systems. |
| bar | Not available | Use the tar command to replace bar for most uses. You can use cpio -H bar to restore existing SunOS 4.x bar backups. |
| batch | batch | The c, s, and m options are not in the batch command. By default, the batch job queuename is not specified. |
| biff -y biff -n | chmod o+x /dev/tty chmod o-x /dev/tty | When users log on, start-up shell scripts often use the biff command to set default file protection for the user. Replace those commands to make SunOS 5.x scripts work correctly. |
| /bin/mail | ||
| biod | Not available | |
| C2conv | Not available | See your system vendor for information on this product. |
| C2unconv | Not available | See your systeSm vendor for information on this product. |
| cc | Not available | The C compiler is available only as an unbundled product. |
| change_login | Not available | |
| check4 | Not available | |
| chgrp | Changed | The -f option to suppress error reporting is not available. |
| chmod | Changed | |
| chown | Changed | The default behavior of symbolic links is changed. SunOS 4.x chown changed ownership of the symbolic link. SunOS 5.x chown follows the link. To change the ownership of the link, use chown -h. SunOS 5.x chown does not allow the group ID of a file to be changed. |
| client | Not available | |
| colldef | colltbl | |
| crash | Changed | The default file name in SunOS 5.x software is /kernel/genunix instead of / vmunix. |
| date | Changed | |
| dbxtool | debugger | See your system vendor for information on this product. |
| dcheck | Not available | |
| dd | Changed | The Sun OS 4.1 dd command uses 4-byte words. The SunOS 5.x dd command uses 2-byte words. |
| devinfo | Changed | |
| devnm | Changed | The name argument is required for SunOS 5.x devnm. The output format has also changed. |
| df | df -k | Output of the df command is changed. The SunOS 4.x df -t fstype command reSports on files of the specified type. The SunOS 5.x df -t command prints full listings with totals. |
| dkctl | Not available | |
| dkinfo | prtvtoc | |
| dorfs | rfstart | |
| rfstop | ||
| du | du -k | The SunOS 4.x version of du reports disk usage in kilobytes, but the SunOS 5.x du command reports disk usage in 512-byte blocks (by default). |
| dump | ufsdump | The -a option dumps the archive header of each member of an archive. The -D option dumps debugging information. The -v option dumps information in symbolic form. |
| dumpfs | Not available | |
| etherfind | Not available | Similar functionality is available in the SunOS 5.x snoop command. |
| exportfs | share | |
| extract_files | Not available | |
| extract_patch | Not available | |
| extract_unbundled | pkgadd | |
| fastboot | init 6 | |
| fasthalt | init 0 | |
| file | Changed | The file command does not have the -L option. |
| find | Changed | The find command does not have the -n cpio option. |
| fmt_mail | Not available | |
| fsck | Changed | fsck specifies most options after the file system type. fsck -m does a quick file system check. The -w option is not available. New options include -f, -v, and -o. |
| fsirand | Not available | |
| hostid | sysdef -h | |
| hostname | uname -n | |
| init | Changed | See Chapter 1 for more information on init. |
| installtxt | msgfmt | |
| intr | Not available | |
| iostat | Changed | The -x and -c options are added: -x to provide disk statistics, and -c to report the Stime the system spends in user mode, system mode, and idle. |
| keyenvoy | Not available | |
| ldconfig (wrong) | Not available | |
| leave | Not available | Functionality in cron and at replace the leave command. |
| lint | Not available | Available with unbundled C compiler for SunOS 5.x systems. |
| load | ||
| loadc | pkgadd | Provides part of the functionality of the SunOS 4.x load command. |
| load_ package | Not available | |
| lpc | lpsched | |
| lpd | lpadmin | |
| lpq | lpstat | |
| lpr | lp | |
| lprm | cancel | |
| lptest | Not available | |
| ls | Changed | Default output for the ls command is changed. The ls -l command displays both user and group ownership. |
| mach | uname -p | |
| makekey | Not available | |
| man | Changed | The organization of man pages is changed. All system administration man pages are now located in section 1M. The man command now allows you to set an environment variable to specify a default order of directories and sections for man to search. |
| mkfs | Changed | mkfs supports different file system types. |
| mknod | Changed | Users other than root can now create character and block special files. |
| modstat | modinfo | |
| mount | Changed | Options must be specified after the file system is specified (unless the file system is in /etc/vfstab). |
| mount_tfs | mount -F fstype | Options to the mount command (instead of separate mount commands) are used to specify file system types. |
| ncheck | Changed | Allows use of specific file system types. |
| ndbootd | Not available | The -m option is not available. The -l option changes addr immediately. The variable addr S cannot be specified in hexadecimal format. |
| nlsadmin | ||
| nulladm | Not available | |
| pac | Not available | |
| passwd | Changed | The -F filename option is not available. The -f and -s options have different meanings. The -f option forces the user to change the password at the next login. The -s option displays the password attributes for the user's login name. |
| pax | cpio | |
| paxcpio | cpio | |
| portmap | rpcbind | |
| praudit | Not available | Will be available when the unbundled C2 security product is released. |
| printenv | env | |
| ps | Changed | Many of the 4.x options to ps are not available or the meanings have changed. Instead of ps -aux, use ps -el for SunOS 5.x systems. See the ps(1) manual page for more information. |
| pstat | sar | |
| pstat -s | swap -s | Shows the total amount of swap space available on the system. |
| rc | Not available | The organization of rc files is changed. They are now divided into subdirectories by run levels. |
| rc.boot | Not available | |
| rc.local | Not available | |
| rdump | ufsdump | |
| reset -s | Not available | |
| restore | ufsrestore | |
| rmail | Changed | The rmail command in the SunOS 4.x system handles remote mail. The rmail command in the SunOS 5.x system is a link to mail and is used to read mail. |
| rm_client | Not available | Functionality of admintool replaces this command. |
| rm_services | Not available | |
| rpc.etherd | Not available | |
| rpc.lockd | lockd | |
| rpc.mountd | mountd | |
| rpc.rexd | Not available | |
| rpc.rquotad | Not available | |
| rpc.showfhd | showfhd | |
| rpc.statd | statd | |
| rpc.user_agentd | Not available | |
| rpc.yppasswdd | Not available | |
| rpc.ypupdated | ypupdated | |
| r restore | ufsrestore | |
| rusage | Not available | |
| rwall | Changed | The -f and -n optionsS are not available. |
| setsid | Not available | |
| shutdown | Changed | See Chapter 1 for more information on shutdown. |
| startup | Not available | |
| stty | Changed | |
| suninstall | Changed | Although the command name is the same, the installation procedure is changed completely. |
| swapon | swap -a | In general, options to the swap command replace functionality of individual swap-related commands, such as swapon, in SunOS 4.x systems. |
| sys-config | Not available | Functionality of solstice replaces this command. |
| tfsd | Not available | |
| trpt | Not available | |
| tset | Changed | The -S option is not available. |
| ttysoftcar | Not available | |
| tvconfig | Not available | |
| tzsetup | Not available | |
| umount | Changed | File-specific options may be required. |
| umount_tfs | umount -F fstype | |
| unlink | Changed | Any user can unlink a directory. |
| unload | pkgrm | |
| unset4 | Not available | |
| update | fsflush | |
| uptime | Unchanged | You can also use who -b to display the system boot time. |
| users | who -q | |
| uulog | Changed | The -u option, used to print information sorted by user, is not available. |
| uusend | Not available | |
| vipw | Not available | |
| vmstat | Changed | The -f option is not available. |
| vswap | Not available | |
| wall | Not available | |
| whereis | Not available | |
| whoami | id | The id command printsS the user name and user and group IDs, instead of just the user name. |
| ypbatchupd | Not available | |
| yppasswd | nispasswd | The yppasswd command is still available to access the password information on NIS servers. The equivalent command for NIS+ databases is nispasswd, and the equivalent command for systems with no name service is passwd. |
| ypserv | Not available | |
| Table of Contents |